With its weak central structures, various factions, and covetous neighbors, Afghanistan will require significant assistance from a range of countries and international institutions. While at least 18 nations have signaled their intention to contribute to this force, British and other European leadership will continue to be essential. There is also an important role for regional planning and cooperation for mutually supportive development in the region. Afghanistan is faced with nine illiterate women out of every ten, and only 3 percent of girls are receiving primary education. post-conflict, In any case, in the current environment of widespread disenfranchisement due to 20 years of war and economic breakdown, there is a real need to develop channels for local participation and decision-making in political, economic, and social processes. The potential of Afghanistans professional diaspora living all over the world must be tapped to contribute to a strengthening of the socio-economic sector. This document builds on the "Joint CSIS/AUSA Post-Conflict Reconstruction (PCR) Task Framework" from Winning the Peace: An American Strategy for Post-Conflict Reconstruction, edited by Robert C. Orr, and published by CSIS Press in 2004. Understanding post-conflict reconstruction (PCR) has shifted from concern with a dynamic reading of a central actor, the state, and associated processes and outcomes with the increased dominance of liberal peacebuilding as well as focus on localised and substate peacebuilding discourses. Found insideThis book provides an insight into some of the main issues that arise in post-conflict economic and social reconstruction, and offers examples of what works, and what does not. The experience of recent years has also led the United Nations to focus as never before on peacebuilding - efforts to reduce a country's risk of lapsing . The link was not copied. Post-Conflict Reconstruction (PCR) is not a new phenomenon, but can be linked historically to the US-led Marshall Plan for the reconstruction and development of post-war Europe, and with reconstruction efforts in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and in Iraq thus the revival of the concept in the early twenty-first century. Keywords: The Afghan people continue to be threatened by a lethal combination of conflict, starvation, and the harsh Afghan winter. In AFTER GENOCIDE, leading scholars and practitioners analyze the political, legal, and regional impact of events in post-genocide Rwanda within the broader themes of transitional justice, post-conflict reconstruction, and reconciliation. An entire generation of prosecutors, judges, and court administrators must be educated and trained. Courthouses and jails are in disrepair, administrative and formal legal structures are largely non-existent, and virtually no judges or legal professionals have been produced in the last 15 years. 7�as$��>EM�D� ���Q�T����?���p%�Qa-_9��$o�b�Urg� ��P��BioØ Other bilateral donors, mainly EU members and Japan, should emphasize different areas for assistance. Conflict Management . Because courses develop and change over time to take advantage of unique learning Whereas international support will pay greatest dividends in the security and justice sectors when applied to create national institutions, support for governance and social/economic needs will be required at both the local and national levels. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. the way in which conflict began and traces the various different phases of the war from the late 1970s to the present day. This book evaluates the extent to which post-conflict reconstruction has addressed problems of horizontal inequalities through country case studies on Burundi, Rwanda, Nepal, Peru, Guatemala, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Afghanistan, and ... date: 01 October 2021. Post-conflict reconstruction (PCR) is a complex process that incorporates simultaneous short-, medium- and long-term programmes to prevent disputes from escalating, avoid relapses and build sustainable peace. Found insideThis Handbook analyzes these elements of post-conflict state building through the lens of international law, which provides a framework through which the authors contextualize and examine the many facets of state building in relation to the ... 0 Furthermore, the countrys telecommunications network has been largely destroyed over the last 20 years, including over 80 percent of the telecommunications in Kabul. At the same time that key national institutions must be built to make Afghanistan a functional country. 70-100. Years of civil war and ethnic conflict have left deep psychological as well as physical scars. During Taliban rule, religious police and Islamic courts carried out punishments such as stoning, flogging, beatings, amputations, and executions. Why do some post-conflict states achieve stability and economic growth while others remain poor and unstable? This process should build on the initial World Bank/UNDP/ADB assessment prepared for the January donors conference, and should actively involve more Afghan participation, as well as that of other international actors. From Conflict Resolution to Post-Conflict Reconstruction 2.1. Several of these groups are connected politically and financially to outside governments and organizations. The UNs sponsorship of the Bonn agreement demonstrates its legitimacy and authority as a neutral representative in a politically charged environment. post-conflict reconstruction, humanitarian action and disaster management constitute core activities of the PSC. LAW IN POST-CONFLICT ENVIRONMENTS MAY 2005 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. Simply pushing the problem from one country to another is not in the U.S. or international communitys interests. All Rights Reserved. At the Project findings will be analyzed and disseminated through national and regional workshops and a variety of documents, including Yet reconstruction has eluded many post-conflict countries, with 1.9 million people killed in reignited conflict. Any new government, with the staunch help of the international community must reverse the Talibans extreme subjugation of half of the Afghan population. Overall, this book will not only be of interest to scholars of Sudan and regional specialists, but to all social scientists interested in the dynamics of post-conflict reconstruction and state-building. Post-conflict reconstruction: Negotiating school leadership practice for inclusive education of conflict-affected children in Kenya Jenestar Wanjiru Educational Management Administration & Leadership 2019 48 : 3 , 496-513 The Chairman of the Interim Administration, Hamid Karzai will have to satisfy several constituencies many of which have yet to form that run counter to his own interests, while lacking any meaningful power. :���Do�D��L�����.�[3N�=8�x㒻�+ޢw[4�s8��N��!�M)�~�qD�Y��khJ2�j��� ��]uh/e���� - In addition to refraining from meddling in internal Afghan affairs, regional actors should also be prepared to play a helpful and supportive role by offering diplomatic and financial assistance for Afghanistans emerging political reorientation. Four major ethnic and geographic factions were included in the UN-brokered talks in Bonn that produced this ambitious roadmap. It considers the challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve effective post-conflict reconstruction and Along with maintaining order in a country armed to its teeth, a functioning border patrol system by Afghanistans police will be essential to regulate and curtail the flow of refugees and drugs. A partial reason for the difficulty in generating food supplies is the fact that Afghanistan has been a major source country for the cultivation, processing, and trafficking of opiate and cannabis products. This book documents that some leaders do bring about remarkable reconstruction of their countries using foreign aid, but many other post-conflict leaders fail to do so. Deputy Chief of Party (DCOP), El Salvador IRC) is a leading humanitarian and development agency working globally to provide relief, rehabilitation and post-conflict reconstruction support to victims of oppression and violent conflict. [6] People are killed, or they abandon their homes. The threat from land mines will need to be remedied if large numbers of refugees are to return and productive economic activities including agriculture resumed on the needed scale. i Damaged heritage sites not seldom belong to the more visual effects of an armed conflict. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) warns that the current crisis of population displacement is coinciding with the current planting season and a multi-year drought, meaning that next years crop yields will be even lower. 1.3 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) and 3.5 million refugees in Pakistan and Iran will continue to tax international capacity, and may threaten political stability if not handled properly. UN monitors would be the logical choice to ensure that all parties implement agreements. Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development, Post-Conflict State Building, Liberia, Democracy and Citizenship Education Influencing the Politics of Reconstruction in Haret Hreik Save to Library Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. The justice situation looks different in the major cities. Before permanent security institutions can be built, transitional security arrangements will continue to be necessary. If the U.K government seeks to hand-off this responsibility, an acceptable successor will need to be approved. While primary responsibility for rebuilding Afghanistan rests with the people of the country, the United States and international community must avoid repeating the costly mistake of leaving Afghanistan to its fate after military victory is secured. This is an issue worthy of considerable diplomatic U. S. engagement. A new, stable Afghan government must be an essential partner in the struggle to prevent terrorists from using the countrys territory once again. The signing of a The success of Sierra Leone's post-conflict reconstruction has shown that where there is the support of the international community, a lot of progress can be achieved. As part of a larger inquiry into the capacities and gaps that exist in the U.S. ability to respond to complex emergencies, the Post-Conflict Reconstruction project has developed a framework to help understand the key challenges to rebuilding a country following conflict. Found insideThis book examines the role played by self-determination in international law with regard to post-conflict state building. Why do some post-conflict states achieve stability and economic growth while others remain poor and unstable? In practice of course, causes and effects are closely related; but analysis that is useful to post -conflict reconstruction has to focus on the latter dimension. Afghanistan has just over 15 miles of railway and 13,125 miles of highway, with only 1,745 of those paved. The scope of the challenge necessitates a comprehensive approach to rebuilding the justice system. The needs in each will be analyzed below, with special attention to what the U.S. role could and should be in each area. %PDF-1.7 %���� The Taliban closed this once proud center of learning and social dynamism. The establishment of local food and commodity markets will also require the repair and construction of transportation networks, especially those linking the northern and southern parts of the country. First, conflict is an important challenge to development in a world where conflicts predominantly exist in the developing countries. 2. The Special Representative of the Secretary General should take the lead in supporting the political process, and should also be provided sufficient authority and resources to oversee coordination of all outside actors operating in Afghanistan. the field of post-conflict reconstruction and master the art of reconstruction just like Europe when they used the Marshall Plan. The United Nations should play a leadership role in three areas in particular: managing support for the political process in Afghanistan; overseeing donor coordination efforts; and managing humanitarian assistance programs. Most research is confined to the disciplines of history, political science, and public policy (Coyne 2007, 1). Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR): De-mining and Unexploded Ordinance (UXO): Humanitarian Assistance and Repatriation: Employment Generation and Absorptive Capacity. Building a national army must be a top priority for the new government over the medium to long-term. Reopening the university might help to attract some Afghans back, and provide a locus for the Afghan intelligentsia to help address the many reconstruction needs of the country. The findings also shed light on state-building processes and on the political economy of post-conflict countries. Plans and Operations Unit. The international community donated nearly US$1 trillion during the last four decades to reconstruct post-conflict countries and prevent the outbreak of more civil war. First and foremost, the U.S. must make certain that Afghanistan will not be used to provide safe harbor to terrorists. Where did the money go? This book argues that foreign aid only fosters reconstruction when postconflict leaders are desperate for income and thus depend on aid that comes with reconstruction strings attached. Prior to the civil war and Taliban control, 70 percent of the schoolteachers, 50 percent of the government civilian workers, and 40 percent of the doctors in Kabul were women. To better assist post-conflict areas in the future, the Bank is studying past experiences in dealing . International support will be needed in four major areas: 1) Security; 2) Governance and Participation; 3) Justice and Reconciliation; and 4) Social and Economic Well-being. Women and Post-Conflict Reconstruction Executive Summary Women and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Issues and Sources is a review of literature dealing with political, economic and social reconstruction from a gender perspective. This shorter pipeline would be much less costly, and if the next government in Afghanistan is able to guarantee internal security, the country could reap enormous economic benefits. Post Conflict Reconstruction SANAM NARAGHI ANDERLINI AND JUDY EL-BUSHRA While conflict is ongoing, the provision of humanitarian assistance—basic food, shelter and medical services—is a priority for both national and international actors. An individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use. Investigates the position of women in post-war situations throughout the world from three different perspectives which give emphasis to women as war-affected persons, social agents of change, and beneficiaries of assistance. A weak interim government -- and to an even greater . IRC has worked for The agreement reached in Bonn on December 5 marks a significant step forward in the political reformation of Afghanistan. Second, the U.S. must ensure that Afghanistan does not destabilize the entire region, given the political fragility and WMD capabilities of its neighbors. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. The international community donated nearly US$1 trillion during the last four decades to reconstruct post-conflict countries and prevent the outbreak of more civil war. With an estimated 8-10 million mines, and an estimated 724 million square meters of mine-contaminated land in 27 of 29 provinces, Afghanistan has one of the worst mine problems in the world. This book documents that some leaders do bring about remarkable reconstruction of their . This book offers a fuller understanding of the role of international law in the practice of post-conflict reconstruction. The use of a mixed-method research approach combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection was used to explore planning and implementation of PCR infrastructure projects in Kosovo. To maximize the effectiveness of U.S. intervention, the above recommendations must be consistent with the following guiding principles: 1) Afghanistans needs and preferences should drive the provision of international resources; 2) whenever possible, indigenous capacity should be reconstituted; 3) long-term sustainability must be fostered; 4) U.S. actions should reflect and emphasize U.S. interests; 5) U.S. involvement should avoid leaving a large "footprint"; and 6) because reconstruction and development is a long-term and uncertain process, Afghan and international expectations must be realistic. The Role of Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Reconstruction . Telecommunications in Libya - An exercise in post-conflict reconstruction. Rwanda has been hailed by observers as a model of post-conflict recovery following the atrocities in the early 1990s that left hundreds of thousands of Rwandans . Two processes must also be central to the restoration of security and the control of violence in the Afghan state: building a national army and demobilizing warring factions. Furthermore, Afghanistans urban centers already have experience with formal justice structures in effect during the 1960s and 1970s. Violence and conflict are two of the greatest challenges the world will face in this millennium. Indeed, since the turn of the century, it is estimated that approximately four million people have died as a result of armed conflict. The UK is leading a UN-authorized multinational security force; Germany and France have offered significant military capabilities, and all other 12 EU members have announced their interest in participating. The key to bringing lasting peace to Afghanistan is to establish an ongoing political process by which various Afghan tribes, leaders, and factions develop a common national agenda. Regenerating a viable agricultural sector will improve the availability of food, and will provide temporary and permanent employment. The United States has a number of national interests at stake that call for significant and sustained involvement over time. A constitutional Loya Jirga will undertake the process of developing this constitution within 18 months of the convening of the Transitional Authority. Afghanistan will also require massive demining efforts, as well as the removal of unexploded ordnance (UXO). Post Conflict Reconstruction• PAGE 51 2. An important institutional development that added to ASEAN's efforts in post-conflict reconstruction was the establishment in 2013 of the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR) under Section B2.2 of the APSC Blueprint, which focuses on conflict resolution and the peaceful settlement of disputes. With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. This political constituting process must offer opportunities for broad and widespread participation of various Afghan groups at all levels, and must realistically account for current power realities in the country. natural resources, Post-Conflict Reconstruction. The Role of Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Reconstruction . In case studies focusing on contemporary crises spanning Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe, the scholars in this volume examine the dominant prescriptive practices of late neoliberal post-conflict interventions—such as ... The emancipation of women should not be viewed as a culturally insensitive imposition from the outside. conflict. Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Peacebuilding PEAC 3000 (3 Credits / 45 class hours) SIT Study Abroad Program: Rwanda: Post-Genocide Restoration and Peacebuilding PLEASE NOTE: This syllabus represents a recent semester. Assistance to regional actors in dealing with their own internal development needs should be considered part of the larger vision of post-conflict reconstruction in the region. Interim Prime Minister Karzai and Defense Minister Fahim have announced that they intend to reduce the number of men under arms from an estimated 700,000 to create a new army of 200,000. This includes serious attention to radical Islamic movements not only in Afghanistan, but also in Uzbekistan, and Pakistan. What is new, is the rapidly increasing number of post-conflict areas, and the enormity and complexity of rebuilding in each case. Found insideThis book examines the role of multiethnic armies in post-conflict reconstruction, and demonstrates how they can promote peacebuilding efforts. Clark, Philip and Kaufman, Zachary Daniel (2009) After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-conflict Reconstruction and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Georgetown University. Post-Conflict Reconstruction: From Extremism to Peaceful Co-Existence is a comprehensive presentation on the root causes of state fragility, which provides an enabling environment for violent religious extremism. Activity V - Mapping: Post-Conflict Reconstruction Landscape (SMT: 60 minutes) ••Create a map of local, national, and international stakeholders in participants' reconstruction environment. It has been accepted for inclusion in GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of The crisis in Columbia represents a challenge to the economy, the institutions and the values of its society. On the humanitarian side, UN agencies such as WFP, UNHCR, and UNICEF are already administering and disbursing humanitarian aid flows to vulnerable populations. In addition to these guiding principles, four basic functional recommendations could help frame U.S. government involvement. The focus of international assistance in the near term should be placed on promoting and strengthening the formal legal system in the cities. It will require attention not only to the political process itself, but also to security and public order needs, justice concerns, and economic and social needs. Women & L. 335 (2006). The post-conflict reconstruction literature is overwhelmingly focused on the security and political dimensions of peace-building operations. In post-conflict efforts, the security sector tends to consume most of the resources, while at the same time it is most likely not representative of the entire community. Beyond justice and human rights, there is a great need for reconciliation mechanisms. Japans sponsorship of the Tokyo donors conference is another indication of its commitment to supporting post-conflict reconstruction in Afghanistan. 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