The king of dystopia and satire, George Orwell, the pen name adopted by Eric Arthur Blair, was a well-known novelist and critic of the 20th century. Web. Lewis. From the early 1930s to late 1940s, an informal literary discussion group associated with the English faculty at the University of Oxford were The Inklings. Samuel Johnson (1709–1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. The nonsense verse of Edward Lear, along with the novels and poems of Lewis Carroll, is regarded as a precursor of surrealism. Piers Plowman or Visio Willelmi de Petro Plowman (William's Vision of Piers Plowman) (written c. 1360–1387) is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. [102] Monthly serialising of fiction encouraged this surge in popularity, due to a combination of the rise of literacy, technological advances in printing, and improved economics of distribution. The Hay Festival in Wales attracts wide interest, and the Edinburgh International Book Festival is the largest festival of its kind in the world. The Lost World literary genre was inspired by real stories of archaeological discoveries by imperial adventurers. British author Virginia Woolf may be best known for her modernist classics "Mrs. Dalloway" and "To the Lighthouse." The seven-time Nobel Prize nominee was also a Companion of Literature of the Royal Society of Literature and a Vedanta believer. Two Victorian poets who published little in the 19th century, Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) and Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–89), have since come to be regarded as major poets. Keith Douglas (1920–1944) was noted for his war poetry during World War II and his wry memoir of the Western Desert Campaign, Alamein to Zem Zem. The series has been translated into 67 languages,[147][148] placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history. Once upon a time, there was a man who liked to make up stories ... "Guinness World Records: L. Ron Hubbard Is the Most Translated Author", "Perfect Day for AL Kennedy as she takes Costa book prize", Book Review: A Voyage to Arcturus (1920) by David Lindsay, A Voyage to Arcturus, C. S. Lewis, and The Dark Tower, "Edinburgh festival 2011: where National Theatres meet", Who Should be Time's Person of the Year 2012? Also from the West Indies is George Lamming (1927– ) who wrote In the Castle of My Skin (1953), while from Pakistan came Hanif Kureshi (1954–), a playwright, screenwriter, filmmaker, novelist and short story writer. [42], Thomas Urquhart (1611–1660) translation of Rabelais' Gargantua and Pantagruel into English has been described as "the greatest Scottish translation since Gavin Douglas's Eneados".[43]. His philanthropic efforts won him the OBE in 2017. George Chapman (?1559-?1634) was a successful playwright who is remembered chiefly for his translation in 1616 of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey into English verse. Contemporary European politics and diplomatic manoeuvrings informed Anthony Hope's swashbuckling Ruritanian adventure novels The Prisoner of Zenda (1894). Among these are L'Allegro, 1631; Il Penseroso, 1634; Comus (a masque), 1638; and Lycidas, (1638). Rejecting the boundaries of the traditional narrative form, she employed a nonlinear prose style emphasising the psychological aspect of her characters, especially in novels such as Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. "Romanticism". With over two billion copies of her novels sold, she holds the Guinness World Records for best-selling fiction writer of all time. British recipients of the Nobel Prize in Literature include Rudyard Kipling (1907), John Galsworthy (1932), T. S. Eliot (1948), Bertrand Russell (1950), Winston Churchill (1953), William Golding (1983), V. S. Naipaul (2001), Harold Pinter (2005) Doris Lessing (2007), and Kazuo Ishiguro (2017). Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94) also wrote works in this genre, including Kidnapped (1886), an historical novel set in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1745, and Treasure Island (1883), the classic pirate adventure. The second half of the 18th century is sometimes called the "Age of Johnson". [54] Richard Cumberland wrote patriotic comedies depicting characters taken from the "outskirts of the empire,". [33] In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed four major plays, including The Tempest. Encyclopædia Britannica. The King James Bible, one of the biggest translation projects in the history of English up to that time, was started in 1604 and completed in 1611. The vampire genre fiction began with John William Polidori's "The Vampyre" (1819). [23], There are four complete or nearly complete extant English biblical collections of plays from the late medieval period. Her novels include Mrs Dalloway 1925, and The Waves 1931, and A Room of One's Own 1929, which contains her famous dictum; "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction". His best-known novel is New Grub Street (1891). [16], Some works were still written in Latin; these include Gerald of Wales's late-12th-century book on his beloved Wales, Itinerarium Cambriae. They were an important group of writers, who came from the classes that supported King Charles I during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–51). [117], While Arthur Clough (1819–61) was a more minor figure of this era, he has been described as "a fine poet whose experiments in extending the range of literary language and subject were ahead of his time". O'Keeffe, Katherine O'Brien (January 1987). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late-14th-century Middle English alliterative romance. Moving beyond the traditional focus on 'the Auden generation', this book surveys the literature of the period in all its diversity, from working class, women, queer and postcolonial writers to popular crime and thriller novels. [88] Among Wordsworth's most important poems, are "Michael", "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey", "Resolution and Independence", "Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood" and the long, autobiographical, epic The Prelude. It was during this time that poet James Thomson (1700–48) produced his melancholy The Seasons (1728–30) and Edward Young (1681–1765) wrote his poem Night-Thoughts (1742). A prolific writer, Alan Watts wrote one of Buddhism's first bestselling books, The Way of Zen. Even after four decades after her death, Agatha Christie remains an influential figure in the world of literature and entertainment as most of her books continue to serve as inspiration to films, TV series, and video games. The book has been adapted for several TV shows and movies. [21] Margery Kempe (c. 1373 – after 1438) is known for writing The Book of Margery Kempe, a work considered by some to be the first autobiography in the English language. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Christopher Casey, (30 October 2008). In his works, he often reflected upon the dehumanizing effects of modernity and industrialization. Britain has also produced a number of acclaimed female writers like Jane Austen, George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), and the Bronte sisters. The influence of her work in pop culture is so great, that she’s considered by many as the mother of modern science fiction. [76], Other precursors of Romanticism are the poets James Thomson (1700–48) and James Macpherson (1736–96), the Gothic novel and the novel of sensibility.[77]. Georgette Heyer created the historical romance genre, and also wrote detective fiction. [91] but is especially noted for its sensuous music and imagery, along with a concern with material beauty and the transience of life. Though Ben Jonson had been poet laureate to James I in England, this was not then a formal position and the formal title of Poet Laureate, as a royal office, was first conferred by letters patent on John Dryden in 1670. Found insideJohn Bolin challenges the notion that Beckett's fiction is best understood through philosophical or Anglo-Irish literary contexts. On a cold rainy night in June 1816, the couple gathered in a villa located in Lake Geneva, in Switzerland, hosted by the poet Lord Byron. Interest in King Arthur continued in the 15th century with Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur (1485), a popular and influential compilation of some French and English Arthurian romances. Novels featuring a gentleman adventurer were popular between the wars, exemplified by the series of H. C. McNeile with Bulldog Drummond (1920), and Leslie Charteris, whose many books chronicled the adventures of Simon Templar, alias The Saint. Also known as âThe Bardâ, the 16th century writerâs influence on the world literature has been so profound that his works are read even today. However, it was not until 1707 with a treaty between England and Scotland, that the Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence. Literary prizes for which writers from the United Kingdom are eligible include: For an overview of all English-language literature, see, The coming of the Anglo-Saxons: 449–c.1066, Modernism and cultural revivals: 1901–1945. Irish writer Bram Stoker was the author of seminal horror work Dracula (1897) with the primary antagonist the vampire Count Dracula. In 1778, Frances Burney (1752–1840) wrote Evelina, one of the first novels of manners. Found insideLiterature from the 'political' 1930s has often been read in contrast to the 'aesthetic' 1920s. This collection suggests a different approach. Shakespeare's career continued during the reign of King James I, and in the early 17th century he wrote the so-called "problem plays", like Measure for Measure, as well as a number of his best known tragedies, including King Lear and Anthony and Cleopatra. Orwell had to experience many obstacles before the book, based on the idea of undermining totalitarianism, was published. [95], Another important poet in this period was John Clare (1793–1864). (King Charles reigned from 1625 and was executed in 1649). [8] These works include genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others. These were folk tales re-telling old stories, and the actors travelled from town to town performing these for their audiences in return for money and hospitality. [32] The plots of Shakespeare's tragedies often hinge on fatal errors or flaws, which overturn order and destroy the hero and those he loves. This was the first ever complete translation of either poem into the English language and it had a profound influence on English literature. Office Hours: In Barker 145, but really in the Barker Center courtyard if the weather is fine, each Monday from 4:30-5:30 p.m., each Tuesday from 2-3 p.m.; also on … Richard Maxwell and Katie Trumpener, eds., "Fanny Burney." The passing of the Theatres Act 1843 removed the monopoly on drama held by the Patent theatres. While modernist poets are often thought of as difficult, these essays will help students to understand and enjoy their experimental, playful and fascinating responses to contemporary social and cultural change and their dialogue with the ... Among the most famous works created for radio, are Dylan Thomas's Under Milk Wood (1954), Samuel Beckett's All That Fall (1957), Harold Pinter's A Slight Ache (1959) and Robert Bolt's A Man for All Seasons (1954).[140]. Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union of 1536 and 1542. Graham Greene's works span the 1930s to the 1980s. Chronicles contained a range of historical and literary accounts, and a notable example is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Inspiration for Frances Hodgson Burnett's novel The Secret Garden. This is the name given to a work, of uncertain date, celebrating the real Battle of Maldon of 991, at which the Anglo-Saxons failed to prevent a Viking invasion. William Shakespeare (1564–1616) stands out in this period as a poet and playwright as yet unsurpassed. The situation in Scotland was different: the desire to maintain a cultural identity while partaking of the advantages offered by the English literary market and English literary standard language led to what has been described as the "invention of British literature" by Scottish writers. Fleming chronicled Bond's adventures in twelve novels, including Casino Royale (1953). Encyclopædia Britannica. Found insideThis volume explores the idea of decadence through readings of major modernist writers such as Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot. Less bleak than the tragedies, these four plays are graver in tone than the comedies of the 1590s, but they end with reconciliation and the forgiveness of potentially tragic errors.[34]. James Macpherson (1736–96) was the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation. English writer, D. H. Lawrence, was known for exploring sensitive issues, such as sexuality, emotional health, and instinct. Rushdie achieved fame with Midnight's Children (1981). Found insideConsiders the development of modernism in the novel in relation to changing attitudes to religion. Her life and work have inspired several films, novels, and plays. Cavalier works make use of allegory and classical allusions, and are influenced by Latin authors Horace, Cicero, and Ovid. T. S. Eliot (1888–1965) was born American, migrated to England in 1914, and he was "arguably the most important English-language poet of the 20th century. The Liverpool poets were Adrian Henri, Brian Patten and Roger McGough. He is also credited with helping legitimize the literary use of Middle English. In the latter years of the 19th century, precursors of the modern picture book were illustrated books of poems and short stories produced by illustrators Randolph Caldecott, Walter Crane, and Kate Greenaway. [99] Scott's novel writing career was launched in 1814 with Waverley, often called the first historical novel, and was followed by Ivanhoe. The book, written in Latin, is a frame narrative primarily depicting a fictional island society and its religious, social and political customs. Robert Burns (1759–1796) was a pioneer of the Romantic movement, and after his death he became a cultural icon in Scotland. William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author",[41] and he remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language". In the 21st century an outstanding concern with historical fiction has been noted. Many major British playwrights in fact, either effectively began their careers with the BBC, or had works adapted for radio, including Caryl Churchill and Tom Stoppard whose "first professional production was in the fifteen-minute Just Before Midnight programme on BBC Radio, which showcased new dramatists". Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin. Writers of comic verse included the dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911), who is best known for his fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, of which the most famous include H.M.S. The Monk (1796), by Matthew Lewis, is another notable early work in both the Gothic and horror genres. Widely considered one of the greatest British poets of all time, Lord Byron remains influential as his works are widely read even today. Found insideOne of the 20th Century's most beloved novels is still winning hearts! I Capture the Castle tells the story of seventeen-year-old Cassandra and her family, who live in not-so-genteel poverty in a ramshackle old English castle. Since his death, Pope has been in a constant state of re-evaluation. Piers is considered by many critics to be one of the early great works of English literature along with Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight during the Middle Ages. The murder mysteries of both Ruth Rendell and P. D. James are popular crime fiction. Her works, especially Middlemarch 1871–2), are important examples of literary realism, and are admired for their combination of high Victorian literary detail, with an intellectual breadth that removes them from the narrow geographic confines they often depict, that has led to comparisons with Tolstoy. <. His The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748) is the first major novel written in English to have a Scotsman as hero,[53] and the multinational voices represented in the narrative confront Anti-Scottish sentiment, being published only two years after the Battle of Culloden. Although his fame has been long eclipsed by that of his contemporaries and friends William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Pioneer of Modernist literature, Virginia Woolf wrote in total nine novels, a volume of short stories, two biographies, five volumes of collected essays and reviews, two libertarian books, and a volume of selections from her diary. However, this was also the time when the English novel, first emerging in the Restoration, developed into a major art form. John Buchan wrote adventure novels like Prester John (1910). Web. After 1737, authors with strong political or philosophical points to make would no longer turn to the stage as their first hope of making a living, and novels began to have dramatic structures involving only normal human beings, as the stage was closed off for serious authors. His most controversial novel The Satanic Verses (1989) was inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. Found insideThrough the use of archives of concert programs, cult novels, and letters written during the First and Second World Wars, the book examines how authors both celebrated and satirized the musicality of the lower-middle and working classes, ... During the 1950s and 1960s many major British playwrights either effectively began their careers with the BBC, or had works adapted for radio. <, Memo dated 18 February 1947 from Evelyn Waugh to. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. English novelist and screenwriter Ian McEwan (1948– ) is a highly regarded writer. Here is our list of the 10 Victorian novels we at Interesting Literature think everyone should read – whether because they’re great novels, because they tell us something important about Victorian society, because they stand as classics of the period, or (in most cases) all three. Best known as Matt Lucas from Rock Profile, David Williams has judged Britain's Got Talent; written bestselling children’s books, such as The World's Worst Children series; and swum across the English Channel to raise funds for the charity Sport Relief. ... A Passage to India by E. M. Forster. Their works are among the most important primary sources for the Restoration period in England, and consists of eyewitness accounts of many great events, such as the Great Plague of London (1644–5), and the Great Fire of London (1666). Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, The Witches, The Twits and Matilda are some of his classic works. Mervyn Peake (1911–68) published his Gothic fantasy Gormenghast trilogy between 1946 and 1959. (1882-1941) British writer. [69] Fanny Burney's novels' indeed "were enjoyed and admired by Jane Austen". Other novelists writing in the 1950s and later were: Anthony Powell, A Dance to the Music of Time; Nobel Prize laureate Sir William Golding; Anglo-Irish philosopher Dame Iris Murdoch (who was a prolific writer of novels dealing with sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious); and Scottish novelist Dame Muriel Spark, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961). British literature is literature from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. Scotland has in the late 20th century produced several important novelists, including James Kelman who like Samuel Beckett can create humour out of the most grim situations; A. L. Kennedy whose 2007 novel Day was named Book of the Year in the Costa Book Awards. A world informed not only by myths and legends, but also by his Catholicism and his experience serving in World War I, his works are astonishingly profound. John Milton’s works have influenced other prominent writers, such as Thomas Hardy and George Eliot. [159] Julian Barnes (1946– ) is another prominent writer and he won the 2011 Man Booker Prize for his book The Sense of an Ending. The essays in Modernism and Colonialism offer revisionary accounts of major British and Irish literary modernists relation to colonialism. 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Ideas are the White Devil ( 1612 ) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge,... Stories titled the Canterbury Tales the science fiction, in the city York... His books about the life and the new Alchemy edition complete with a final case 1914... Based in London also known for his services to literature. [ british modernist novels ] Times 50... International Airport is named after him masterpieces of the most famous plays are the basis for Keynesian economics from... Anthony Hope 's swashbuckling Ruritanian adventure novels like Prester John ( 1910....
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