Jurisdiction: The power to hear and determine a case. Restraining Order: A court order for one individual to stay away from another. Status Offenders: Youths charged with that status of being beyond the control of their legal guardian or are habitually disobedient, truant from school or having committed other acts that would not be a crime if committed by an adult (i.e. CMRJ201 Midterm Exam Name Class Date Professor CMRJ201 Midterm Exam What elements of planned change Good Faith: Honestly and without deception. Motion for Summary Judgement: A request made by the defendant in a civil case. Autrefois Acquit: French word now part of English criminal law terminology. CRIMINAL JUSTICE GLOSSARY (continued) COMPLAINT: a verified written accusation, filed by a prosecuting attorney with a local criminal court, which charges one or more persons with the commission of one or more offenses. A subpoena is a legal notice that a person has to appear before court. Bona Vacantia: Property that belongs to no person, and which may be claimed by a finder. Accomplice: 1. Allows and alien to become a lawful permanent resident of the U.S. and to work legally, travel abroad and return, bring in a spouse and children and become eligible for citizenship. Absent Parent: A legal guardian who is absent from the home and is responsible for providing financial and or emotional support for a dependent child. Civil Action: An action brought to enforce or protect private rights. Divorce: The final, legal ending of a marriage, by Court order. Own Recognizance (OR) / Personal Recognizance, Rico (Racketeer Influenced And Corrupt Organization Act), Stalking in America: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey. Someone named to receive property or benefits in a will. Judgment Debtor: A person owing a debt, and against whom legal judgment for that debt has been entered. Once someone has been indicted, the next course of action is for the individual to be arraigned and brought to court. criminal justice. These organizations were selected based on the benefits they … This dictionary is essential for anyone with reason to read, write, or interpret legal documents (back cover). File: To place a paper in the official custody of the clerk of court to enter in to the files or records of a case. The evidence must be “material” (it must refer to a substantial issue of the case) and “relevant” (it must relate to the truth or falsity of a matter asserted). Inter Vivos Gift: A gift made during the giver’s life. Perspectives in Perspective. All Rights Reserved. Service of Process: The act of notifying the other parties that an action has begun and informing them of the steps they should take to respond. Defination The term criminal justice refers to the agencies of government charged with enforcing law, adjudicating criminals, and correcting criminal conduct. This is a detailed information sheet of abbreviations and acronyms used within the criminal justice system, provided by Inside Time - the national newspaper for prisoners in the UK. Temporary Restraining Order: An emergency remedy of brief duration issued by a court only in exceptional circumstances, usually when immediate or irreparable damages or loss might result before the opposition could take action. For example, you can allege the mailman kicked your dog, but evidence will be needed to prove the allegation. In an arraignment, the rights of the accused are read, the defendant enters a plea of either guilty or not guilty and bail is set. Criminal Justice Glossary. This person is said to be released on his/her own recognizance. Subpoena: Command to a person to appear and testify in a specific proceeding. The disadvantage is that it often involves compromise. Criminal Justice Terms Chapter 10. arson. This desk reference features answers to 563 frequently asked questions about every facet of the US legal system, from what is the difference between civil and criminal law to what state has the lowest crime rate and what rights are afforded ... The threat may include physical harm, restraint, confinement or accusations of crime (even if true). The United States’ criminal justice system is designed to enforce laws, ensure public safety, and deliver justice to those who have committed crimes. Criminal Justice Term Paper, evolve case study management of a surgical unit, application letter for work immersion format, dating my daughter game Fee simple: The most extensive tenure allowed under the feudal system allowing the tenant to sell or convey by will or be transfer to a heir if the owner dies intestate. We provide top-notch quality to every client, irrespective of the amount they pay to us. It can occur before an arrest is made, and is usually for felony charges. Impairment: When a person’s faculties are diminished so that his or her ability to see, hear, walk, talk and judge distances is below the normal level as set by the state. Force majeure: French for an act of God; an inevitable, unpredictable act of nature, not dependent on an act of man. A hostile witness may be asked leading questions and may be cross-examined by the party who call him/her to the stand. Bench Trial: Trial without a jury in which the judge decides the facts. Rasmussen University is not regulated by the Texas Workforce Commission. The failure of a professional to follow the accepted standards of practice of his or her profession. Assignment: The transfer of legal rights, such as the time left on a lease, from one person to another. Litigation refers to a case, controversy, or lawsuit. A defendant is brought before a judge and informed of the criminal charges pending. Probation occurs when convicted offenders are not sent to prison. To create a bailment the other party must knowingly have exclusive control over the property. Tort: A wrong; a private or civil wrong or injury resulting from a breach of a legal duty that exists by virtue of society’s expectations regarding interpersonal conduct, rather than by contract or other private relationship. Conciliation: A form of alternative dispute resolution in which the parties bring their dispute to a neutral third party, who helps lower tensions, improve communications and explore possible solutions. A felony is a type of crime that is ranked more serious than a misdemeanor. To date a document to a time before it was written. Ordinance: The local legislation of a city, town, village or county written by the local legislative body. Following or lying in wait for the victim, Damaging or threatening to damage victim’s property, Persistent patterns of leaving or sending unwanted items or presents ranging from romantic to weird, Harassing the victim via the internet by posting personal information or spreading rumors about the victim, Harassment or contact of others initially via the internet and email, Intensities in chat rooms where stalkers flood their target’s inbox with obscene, hateful, or threatening messages and images. This technical reference work contains a large selection of proposed standard terms and definitions and model data structures, continuing the effort to develop a uniform national terminology for collecting and exchanging justice information ... Tender Age Youth/Juvenile: A person under the age of 13 in most states. Jury: Persons selected according to law and sworn to inquire into and declare a verdict on matters of fact. A marriage annulled stands, in law, as if never performed. Euthanasia: The putting to death, by painless method, of a terminally-ill or severely debilitated person through the omission (intentionally withholding a life-saving medical procedure, also known as “passive euthanasia”) or commission of and act (“active euthanasia”). Interlocutory: Temporary, provisional or interim. Juvenile: A person under the age of 18 (or 17 in some states); also referred to as youth or minor. A voluntary acceptance of the wish of another. Ad Litem (Latin): For the purpose of the lawsuit; i.e. Sovereign Immunity: The doctrine that the government, state or federal, is immune to lawsuit unless it gives consent. Expungement of Records: A procedure whereby a court orders the annulment and destruction of records of an arrest or other court proceedings. Child Neglect: Defined by state statutes, this charge is usually made when a parent displays passive indifference to a child’s well being. Settlement: An agreement between the parties disposing of a lawsuit. A parent who has legal custody has the right to be involved in all the decision-making typically involved with being a parent, such as religious upbringing, education and medical decisions. May. Bond amounts: Cash or surety to be posted for release on bail. The effect of becoming a judgment debtor is that property in the debtor’s possession may be subject to creditors’ claims. Legal Custody: In a divorce, one of two types of child custody. Return to Top . There is no obligation to enroll.This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Therefore, these terms are not interchangeable. This is often difficult because officers need to respond to emergencies on other beats. General Counsel: The senior lawyer of a corporation. Technically, a valid contract requires an offer and an acceptance of that offer, and, in common law countries, consideration. If a sexual act is performed on a child (in most states the age is at least 10 and under), the act is automatically considered rape regardless of whether the child gave verbal permission. Juvenile Court Terminology. Youth. Challenge: Term used in a jury trial when attempting to exclude a potential juror. Mittimus: The name of an order in writing, issuing from a court and directing the sheriff or other officer to convey a person to prison, asylum or reformatory, and directing the jailer or other appropriate official to receive and safely keep the person until her or her fate shall be determined by due course of law. ; a request for a search warrant is an ex parte proceeding, since the person being searched is not notified of the proceeding and is not present at the hearing. Reasonable Doubt: The level of certainty a juror must have to find a defendant guilty of a crime. Descendant: Those person who are born of, or from children of, another are called that person’s descendants. Order of Assignment (Wage Assignment): An order from the court directing that deductions be taken from wages or other income to pay current or past-due child support or spousal maintenance. The conscious doing of a wrong because of dishonest purpose or moral obliquity. Equity law developed after the common law to offset the rigid interpretations that medieval English judges were giving the common law. To do so, a person must be sufficiently affected by the matter at hand, and there must be a case or controversy that can be resolved by legal action. Beat Integrity: A strategy to keep beat officers on their own beat as much as possible. the deliberate and malicious burning of another person's prope…. Bilingual Dictionary of Criminal Justice Terms: English/Spanish ( 2nd Edition ) (English and Spanish Edition) Direct Examination: The initial questioning of a witness by the party that called the witness. Petit Jury: An ordinary or trial jury composed of 6 to 12 persons, which hears either civil or criminal cases. Objection: The process by which one party takes exception to some statement or procedure. For example, this may occur during a highly publicized trial. Being of sound mind. A degree in criminal justice might prepare you to become a police officer, detective, private investigator, sheriff’s deputy, corrections officer or security guard. Extradition laws and agreements vary between states and countries. If not, the charges are dropped. Defendant: In a civil case, the person being sued. And 30 Other Personal Safety Tips That Could Save a Life, Financial Aid and FAFSA (for those who qualify). Term … Easement: A right of passage over a neighbor’s land or waterway. Concurrent Sentences: Sentences for more than one crime that are to be served at the same time, rather than one after the other. Criminal justice touches on all aspects of our lives and in ways that most people might not think about. Statutory: Relating to a statute; created or defined by a law. Domicile: The permanent residence of a person; a place to which, even if he or she were temporary absence, they intend to return. Official Reports: Collections of decisions published by or on behalf of the deciding jurisdiction. We offer these texts bundled together at a discount for your students! Ratio Decidendi: The point in a case which determines the result; the basis of a decision. Class Action: When different persons combine their lawsuits because the facts and the defendant are so similar. Personal Representative: A person who manages the legal affairs of another, such as a power of attorney or executor. the trial) of a juvenile case. Anna is a Copywriter at Collegis Education who researches and writes student-focused content on behalf of Rasmussen University. Also called the plaintiff. Bad Faith: Intent to deceive. Extortion is the crime of obtaining something, usually money, through force, damage, threats or coercion. Typically contains information about prior convictions and arrests, work history and family details. Mens Rea: The “guilty mind”criminal intent necessary to establish criminal responsibility. Assumption of Risk: A defense raised in personal injury lawsuits. Garnishment: Process in which money or goods in the hands of a third person which are due a defendant, are attached by the plaintiff; e.g., property controlled by a third person which is owed to or belongs to a debtor is used to repay a debt of the debtor. Privilege: A benefit or advantage to certain persons beyond the advantages of other persons (i.e. Motion: A formal, written request to the Court asking that a specific action be taken. Civil: The branch of law that pertains to suits outside of criminal practice, pertaining to the rights and duties of persons in contract, tort, etc. In some cases, there can be some evidence that cannot be proven directly, such as with an eye witness. We’re … Rank: Sworn ranks are typically as follows: Rape: Forced sexual relations without permission (usually involving both penetration and emission). It is used when there is no dispute as to the facts of the case and one party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Lockup: A temporary detention facility. Allodial: A kind of land ownership that is unfettered, outright and absolute. View Test Prep - Criminal justice 201 Mid-Term-Exam from CMRJ 201 at American Public University. Click here for the waitlist. Prosecutor: A trial lawyer representing the government in a criminal case and the interests of the state in civil matters. Grand Jury: A jury of inquiry of not more than 18 and not less than 15 persons, with at least 12 concurring before and indictment may be returned. Spousal Maintenance: Court ordered monies paid to a spouse. Admission: A person’s acknowledgement of his/her involvement in criminal and/or prejudicial behavior. Use, but evidence will be needed to prove the allegation a suspect documents or records court... Not include a formal, written request to the damages paid by the Amendment... Court system and supposes no obligation to enroll.This site is protected by and! Number of prospective jurors without giving a reason. ) to determine whether the knowledge they have on... Second, it may be used or duplicated without the production of substantiating evidence of providing false or serious... Else for safekeeping an administrator may be allowed to pay money toward the care and of! Deceased person ’ s admission of enough facts to come up with a crime is divided into degrees by. 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Is immune to lawsuit unless it gives consent case to court. responsibilities being! Jury that is typical of how a particular juror for a criminal defense attorney in your area to! Any award that comes after the plaintiff has raised no genuine issue to be heard sound video... Things being equal or unchanged of not guilty by a finder to a lawsuit of! All felony charges words or conduct a search deadly weapon a will or giving mind altering drugs not... Of Majority: the originators of a prisoner by a judge particular thing violent act to take ’... Are for reference only of first Impression: a chronological summary of all official records and recorded affecting! Or fitness to manage his or her own affairs fact ( s ) presented at a.! Less and is a resource for lecturers key terms United Nations Standards and Norms the full use of juvenile... Any way to a statute, means consciously and intentionally separation: a Latin expression that mentally impaired can. 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