Catherine de Medici was born in Florence Italy in 1519 to Italian parents Lorenzo de Medici(Duke of Urbina) and Madeleine de la Tour d' Auvergne who died shortly after her birth by the Florentine rebellion. Found insideCatherine de Médicis and Pierre de Ronsard at Fontainebleau Virginia Scott, ... for the Medici pope.28 In 1533, Clement himself accompanied Catherine to ... Catherine de' Medici Had a Rough Start to Life Catherine de' Medici was born to Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici and Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne on April 13, 1519, in Florence, Italy. Women Rulers of the 17th Century. . CATHERINE DE' MEDICI: a queen who, by the way, has spent years advocating for reconciliation between the Catholics and the Protestants. She accepted an offer from the Guise party to assassinate him, hoping that the outcome would be revived power for her own party. Catherine and Henry's oldest son, sixteen-year-old Francis (married to Mary, Queen of Scots) became King Francis II of France. Catherine grew up in the Villa of Coureggi (Fiesole) Florence. The most satisfactory study of Catherine de' Médici is Paul VanDyke, Catherine de' Médici (2 vols., 1992). CATHERINE DE' MEDICI: I will admit that it was gauche for Charles to throw a parade celebrating it. preemptive strike. Found inside – Page 149to be the plaything and the tool , by turns the Catherine covertly ... of the Polish ambassadors is made the Catherine de ' Medici is formed on the occasion ... Born into the Italian aristocracy, she became Queen Consort of France upon the 1547 coronation of her husband, Henry II. The religious warfare was complicated further by English incursions into France itself, ostensibly in alliance with the Huguenots, but largely in pursuit of traditional English designs on northern France. Similar massacres followed in the provinces, as Catholics seized the initiative against their local Huguenot rivals. She was orphaned in infancy, so Pope Leo X had her sent to Rome to live with a family connected with the papacy. Found inside – Page 573The young queen , Catherine de Medici , was noted for her beauty and accomplishments , but both were unavailing against the complete ascendency of Diana . When Philip's wife and Catherine's favorite daughter Elisabeth died in childbirth in 1568, Catherine hoped he might marry her younger daughter Marguerite, but Philip was determined to take his French connection no further. 1957); Robert M. Kingdom, Geneva and the Coming of the Wars of Religion in France, 1555-1563 (1956); and Philippe Erlanger, St. Bartholomew's Night: The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew (trans. The stories of seven popes who ruled at seven different critical periods in the 600 years leading into the Reformation. Her father was the ruler of Florence, Lorenzo de Medici. After a decade of war, the Peace of St. Germain in 1570 reconciled the two sides temporarily and led to Admiral Coligny's return to court. Catherine De' Medici Biography Catherine de' Medici (Italian: Caterina de' Medici, 13 April 1519 - 5 January 1589), daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and of Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, was a Franco/Italian noblewoman who was Queen consort of France from 1547 until 1559, as the wife of King Henry II of France. Her Medici relatives, which included two popes, took care of her. a convincing human portrait against the backdrop of a brutal age. Her father's official title was Duke of Urbino whereas her mother was Countess of Boulogne. But Charles IX, Catherine's son, sent assassins to murder him and to kill other Huguenots. At two in the morning on August 24th, Saint Bartholomew's Day, 1572, Catholic troops moved to kill the Huguenot leaders. Monarchs and Presidents of Italy From 1861 to Present. After the latter's assassination, the crowd stood by the Medici and tore the assassins limb from limb. Historians believe that the Huguenot leader, Gaspard de Coligney, planned to take over France. One of the most controversial incidents of her rule was her alleged involvement in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Her mother died a few days after her birth and her father died a week later. Clement received a proposal for Catherine from Francis I of France who asked for her hand for his second son, Henry, Duke of Orléans. Catherine de' Medici's Popularity. Catherine de Medici seemed to have got herself into a position by 1570 that whatever she did was greeted with suspicion by the fighting factions and that a compromise towards one side would provoke the other and vice versa. Catherine de Medici : The Dark Queen's Jewels. Marguerite, still in love with Guise, resisted the planned marriage, says historian Hugh Williamson: she and Henry of Navarre had known each other during their growing up at least well enough to be aware that they had no glimmer of sexual attraction for each other and even domestic accommodation was imperilled by such differences as her liking for at least one bath a day and his aversion to more than one a year. Found inside – Page 3The House of Medici picks up where Barbara Tuchman's Hibbert delves into the lives of the Medici family, whose legacy of increasing self-indulgence and sexual dalliance eventually led to its self-destruction. From this time on, Catherine entrusted family fortunes more wholeheartedly to the Catholic Guise family, and approved the formation of the Catholic League in 1576 which marched to triumph against the Huguenots. Catherine de' Medici was born in Italy, becoming Queen of France when her husband Henry became King. Catherine De' Medici Biography. But he also knew that France's weakness was a strategic benefit for Spain. This was an era in which monarchs assumed that the integrity of their kingdoms depended on the religious uniformity of their peoples; religious schism of the kind which beset France by mid-century was unprecedented. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/catherine-de-medici-6289.php, Celebrities We Wish Were Together As Couple, Top NBA Players With No Championship Rings. Catherine de Medici. As the mother of kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III, she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France. This led to the breakdown of order and peace in France and 6,000 people were killed. By his suggested analogies between this period and our own time, Sir John Neale makes more real our understanding of the complex intermingling of ideological and political forces in the age of Catherine de Medici"--Back cover. Catherine de' Medici was Queen of France from 1547 until 1559 and Queen Mother from 1559 to 1589. Catherine de' Medici, also called Catherine de Médicis, Italian Caterina de' Medici, (born April 13, 1519, Florence [Italy]—died January 5, 1589, Blois, France), queen consort of Henry II of France (reigned 1547-59) and subsequently regent of France (1560-74), who was one of the most influential personalities of the Catholic-Huguenot wars. She became the Queen of France when her husband ascended the throne in 1547 though she started enjoying real power only after the death of King Henry II in 1559. Catherine de' Medici by Honore de Balzac Translated by Katherine Prescott Wormeley August, 1999 [Etext #1854] Project Gutenberg Etext Catherine de Medici, by Honore de Balzac *****This file should be named ctdmd10.txt or ctdmd10.zip***** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, ctdmd11.txt Orphaned in infancy, Catherine de Medici was the sole legitimate heiress to the Medici family fortune. Catherine de Medici married Henry, Duke of Orléans in October 1533. Catherine De Medici biography, ethnicity, religion, interesting facts, favorites, family, updates, childhood facts, information and more: However, historians have begun to challenge the . In 1559, Henry was pierced through the eye during a jousting tournament and died a few days after. Catherine de' Medici Biography. With the help, as she believed, of astrologers—she was patroness of the seer Nostradamus and a lifelong dabbler in necromancy, astronomy, and astrology—she overcame this early infertility and gave birth to ten children, beginning in 1543. Acting as a regent on behalf of the young king, Catherine presided over the council, formulated the policies and managed state business. Ironically it was the Huguenot prince Henry of Navarre who succeeded to the throne, though he was unable to sit upon it until 1593 when he cynically adopted the Catholic faith with the famous remark, "Paris is worth a Mass.". "The remarkable story of the Renaissance's most successful female artist, a talented woman who defied the conventions of her times"-- On his return, at the age of 11, he had been cared for by Diane de Poitiers, who was 20 years his senior. Sutherland also wrote The French Secretaries of State in the Age of Catherine de Medici (1962), a study of Catherine's closest administrative assistants. Many of her children died young. The bestselling revisionist biography of one of the great women of the 16th centuryOrphaned in infancy, Catherine de Medici was the sole legitimate heiress to the Medici family fortune. Catherine de Medici (1519-1589) was married to King Henry II. Found inside – Page 267She was brought up by Catherine de Medici , who taught her all kinds of accomplishments ; but , above all , she had her taught to be a good and pious ... She was born as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici on 13 April 1519 to Lorenzo II de' Medici and Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne. At a young age his father Giovanni, introduced his son to the family business of banking. After being cared for by a series of relatives, she was finally housed in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, by her uncle Cardinal Giulio de' Medici who was elected Pope Clement VII in 1523. Clarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of France's boyhood friend Richard Delacroix.She shared the same birthmark as her father, so Catherine had Nostradamus' father, a . Charles IX was an unstable character, and as he matured he came to dislike his mother and her favorite, younger son Henry. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The regent of France, known by some as Madame Serpent. Both of her parents died shortly after her birth leaving her as the sole heiress to all of the possessions and holdings of the Medici family. The assassin shot Coligny but failed to kill him, and Charles IX rushed to his side, promising a full inquiry and retribution against the assassins. They were married for 26 years and had 10 children together, 8 of whom made it to adulthood. She presided over, and was partly responsible for, many of the horrors of the French Wars of Religion in the 1560s and 1570s, of which the worst was the massacre of Protestants gathered in Paris to witness the marriage of her daughter Marguerite Valois to Duke Henry of Navarre in 1572. Catherine remained politically active until the end of her life, touring France on Henry's behalf and trying to assure the loyalty of its many fractured and war-torn provinces. Philip disliked her apparent willingness to play off Catholics and Protestants against one another; in his view, she should have been doing more to advance the Counter-Reformation. Pilon's next important commission was a mausoleum requested by Catherine de Medici for herself, her husband (Henry II) and their children. Henry's death a few days later brought their oldest son, 16-year-old Francis II, to the throne. Pilot Left Behind Dirty Laundry Long Live The King Banished The Hound and the Hare Catherine . Queens Regent: Catherine de' Medici. When a German army of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Rome in 1527, the citizens of Florence took advantage of this eclipse of Medici power to restore their republic, and took the eight-year-old Catherine hostage. Looting and fighting broke out across Paris, and over two thousand men, women, and children were killed. parties hardened their differences. Catherine de Medici (born Caterina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de Medici; April 13, 1519-January 5, 1589) was a member of the powerful Italian Medici family who became queen consort of France through her marriage to King Henry II. The marriage ran into trouble when Catherine was unable to bear children for several years, though she eventually went on to bear ten children. father's relatives, among them popes Leo X and Clement VII, took over her care, and she grew up in the midst of the stormy Italian Wars in which they were central actors. - Tools & Examples, Errors in JavaScript: Types, Methods & Prevention, Health Care Ratios & Formulas: Gross Collections Ratio & Aging Reports, Health Care Ratios & Formulas: Average Daily Admissions & Readmission Average, Quiz & Worksheet - Process Patterns in Software Engineering, Quiz & Worksheet - Studying Math Patterns & Relationships, Quiz & Worksheet - Great Expectations Chapter 1 Synopsis, Flashcards - Real Estate Marketing Basics, Flashcards - Promotional Marketing in Real Estate, Argumentative and Persuasive Essay Topics for Teachers, AP US History Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Life Science Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, CSET Science Subtest II Physics (220): Test Prep & Study Guide, ScienceFusion The Diversity of Living Things: Online Textbook Help, Supervision: Skills Development & Training, Genetics for Anthropologists: Help and Review, Praxis Biology & General Science: Cell Structures and Functions. Protestants, as they came to be called, sought a truer form of faith than that offered by the political and often corrupt Catholic Church. Catherine de' Medici was born on 13 April 1519 as the daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne. Her father was the Duke of Urbino and the ruler of Florence while her mother hailed from a prominent and ancient French noble family. Viking, 1973. When she was 6 she was brought back to Florence and . She was the granddaughter of Lorenzo the Magnificent and related to two Popes, Leo X and Clement VII. Catherine decided to dispose of Gaspard de Coligny once and for all. CATHERINE DE' MEDICI: a queen who, by the way, has spent years advocating for reconciliation between the Catholics and the Protestants. This cunning and politically savvy woman held France together at one of the most tumultuous points of . Found inside – Page 57In France she grew up at the court of Catherine de ' Medici , that imperious intriguer whose splendid surroundings were tainted with the corruption which ... She was a remarkable woman but vilified by many as an evil one. At the time of Catherine's birth in 1519 the Reformation was beginning with Martin Luther's criticism of the Catholic Church. In the 16th century, Catherine de Medici — an Italian noblewoman, wife of King Henry II of France and a great patron of the arts — began to fund ballet in the French court. Without Catherine, it is unlikely her sons would have remained in power. Clarissa Delacroix (1539-1557) was the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici and the French noble Richard Delacroix.. When Catherine was a baby, both of her parents died and she became the sole heiress to the Medici fortune. Henry, this third son of Catherine, was less easily dominated and manipulated than Charles. Few of them were healthy, however, and she, enjoying an iron constitution and great powers of recovery, would outlive all but one, Henry III, who would follow her to the grave in a matter of months. Her calculating policies yielded short-term victories, but when she died in 1589 her hopes for her family's long-term future lay in ruins. The death of 16-year-old Francis II the following year made Catherine regent for her second son Charles, who now became King Charles IX at the age of ten. In June 1559, the king took part in the martial game of jousting in which he was severely wounded. But under interrogation from Catherine and his younger brother Henry, Charles finally accepted their claim that Coligny was manipulating him, that Coligny planned to overthrow the whole Catholic court, and that he and the other Huguenot leaders should now be finished off in a Catherine de Medici reveals Frieda, a first-time biographer, to be a writer of tremendous skill and talent. © 2021 LoveToKnow Media. He hunted in order to kill, for he soon acquired a taste for blood, and almost every day he needed the bitter sensation, the uneasy satisfaction of seeing the pulsating entrails and the hounds on the quarry. Henry III was crowned in 1575 and married in the same year to Louise of Lorraine, but they had no children to carry on the Valois line. Catherine was orphaned as. How much complicity she had in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre is still a subject of debate. As Queen Mother, Catherine was both important and powerful in France for thirty years. Catherine de' Medici was the wife of the king of France, King Henry II. Catherine de' Medici, daughter of Lorenzo II, Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, Countess of Boulogne, was born in the Palazzo Medici in Florence on the 13th April, 1519. Upon his death, his nine year old brother, Charles IX, was made the king and Catherine was appointed as governor of France (gouvernante de France) by the Privy Council. Found insideA history of one of Russia's greatest leaders explores the life and career of Potemkin, lover of Catherine the Great and architect of Russian imperial power. Also he always stank of garlic. Catherine de Medici was born to the Medici family of Florence in 1519. She died on January 5, 1589 at the age of 69. He was succeeded by his brother Henry III who now became the king. Catherine tried to marry Henry to Elizabeth I of England, but the "Virgin Queen" tactfully declined the offer and was equally obdurate against the wooing of the pathetic fourth brother, Alençon, whom she called her "frog." Queen Catherine, also known as Catherine de' Medici, was born in Italy to the rich and powerful de'Medici family as the daughter of Lorenzo de'Medici, Duke of Urbino and Lord of Florence. She permitted Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, an influential Huguenot, to act as Charles's chief advisor for awhile, provoking three powerful noblemen, the duke of Guise, the cardinal of Lorraine, and the constable of France, to sink their own differences and make a three-way alliance, a triumvirate, for the defense of Catholicism against Coligny. ci 1519-1589. 's' : ''}}. Catherine de Medici was born Catarina Maria Romula de'Medici to an Italian duke named Lorenzo II and his wife Madeleine de la Tour'Auvergne in 1519 at the height of the infamous Medici family's power and wealth. While she had a great influence over French politics for over 40 years, she is also said to have had an influence over the revolution of French cooking during that time as well. (Catherine de Medici 1519- 1589) Catherine de Medici full name is Catherina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de Medici. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976. The attacks became indiscriminate; all sense of order broke down. At the center stands a remarkable woman, Caterina Riario Sforza. Mother, warrior, and icon, Caterina is unforgettable, and so is the exciting story that Elizabeth Lev tells here. Williamson, Hugh Ros, Catherine de Medici. King Henry II died in 1559 and was succeeded by his eldest son, François II. Her husband became King Henri II of France, and three of their sons in their turn became Kings of France after Henri's death in 1559. Her parents were Lorenzo Duke of Urbino and Madeleine de la Tour d'Avergne. Catherine's marriage was arranged by her uncle Pope Clement VII. This is a biography of Catherine de Medici (1519 -1589). However, the King's oldest son died, and Catherine and Henry became rulers upon the death of Francis I. Catherine eventually had ten children, three of whom became kings of France. Placing himself at the head of the Protestant forces and dreaming of a crown, he declared that his older brother Henry, who had just been elected to the throne of Poland, was no longer available as heir of France. Found insideFrancis I (1494-1547) was inconstant, amorous, hot-headed and flawed. Arguably he was also the most significant king that France ever had. A contemporary of Henry VIII of England, Francis saw himself as the first Renaissance king. Pope Clemont VII (Guilio d' Medici) would later conquer the rebellion.During this time Catherine was raised in a Catholic Church and would receive an excellent education. An example of Catherine's use of art in support of her political program is described by Francis A. Yates, The Valois Tapestries (1959). The Medici Queens. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} In 1536 Henry’s elder brother died, making Henry the heir apparent. CATHERINE DE' MEDICI: I will admit that it was gauche for Charles to throw a parade celebrating it. According to his brother Henry's diary, Charles at last shouted; "Kill the Admiral if you wish; but you must also kill all the Huguenots, so that not one is left alive to reproach me. As a person born on this date, Catherine de' Medici is listed in our database as the 97th most popular celebrity for the day (April 13). Catherine de' Medici (Italian: Caterina de' Medici, 13 April 1519 - 5 January 1589), daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and of Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, was a Franco/Italian noblewoman who was Queen consort of France from 1547 until 1559, as the wife of King Henry II of France. Found insideMédicis Daughter is historical fiction at its finest, weaving a unique coming-of-age story and a forbidden love with one of the most dramatic and violent events in French history. The city of Paris had remained friendly to the ultra-Catholic Guise party throughout these years of war, and most Parisians resented the concessions to Huguenots made at the Treaty of St. Germain. Herself a lifelong Catholic but always with a degree of religious cynicism, Catherine appears never to have understood the passion with which many of her contemporaries lived their religious lives. The Reformation was beginning with Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic Church, and it soon spread throughout Europe. Historians believe that the Huguenot leader, Gaspard de Coligney, planned to take over France. A regent is "a person appointed to administer a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.". Through much of the 1560s, the two religious factions were at war while Catherine and Charles tried to avoid falling too heavily into either camp. After he was killed in a jousting accident, she ruled France as regent through the reigns of her three sons: Francis, Charles, and her third and favorite son Henry. A witty, erudite celebration of fifty great Italian cultural achievements that have significantly influenced Western civilization from the authors of What Are the Seven Wonders of the World? “Sprezzatura,” or the art of effortless ... In the poisoned atmosphere of broken negotiation, open hostilities began, marking the first of a succession of religious wars. Her elaborate festivals encouraged the growth of ballet de cour, a program that included dance, decor, costume, song, music and poetry. Catherine remained politically active until the end of her life, touring France on Henry's behalf and trying to maintain the loyalty of its many war-torn territories. 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